Perception

ArUco Markers

ArUco markers are square binary fiducial markers, originating from a University of Cordoba project and integrated into OpenCV, that encode an identifier in an inner bit grid surrounded by a black border. Detecting a marker of known physical size with a calibrated camera yields its six-degree-of-freedom pose, and boards of multiple markers, including ChArUco chessboard hybrids, improve accuracy for camera calibration and workspace registration.

Why it matters for physical AI

Because ArUco ships with OpenCV, it is often the fastest route to reliable pose ground truth when setting up demonstration rigs, aligning multi-camera systems, or validating a learned policy's spatial accuracy.