Hardware
End-of-Arm Tooling (EOAT)
End-of-Arm Tooling (EOAT) is the industry term for the complete tooling assembly mounted on a robot's wrist flange, encompassing grippers, suction arrays, tool changers, force-torque sensors, cameras, and application-specific fixtures. EOAT is often custom-engineered per application and can rival the robot arm in cost. Standardized mechanical and electrical interfaces, such as ISO 9409 flange patterns and automatic tool changers, allow one arm to swap between tools mid-cycle.
Why it matters for physical AI
Purpose-built tooling is how fixed automation achieves reliability, and reducing EOAT customization through general-purpose grippers plus adaptive policies is a core economic promise of learned manipulation.
Build physical AI
Put these concepts to work on real hardware
Axol is a dual-arm robot built for physical AI — teleoperate it, collect demonstrations, and deploy learned policies out of the box.