Safety & Standards
ISO/TS 15066
ISO/TS 15066 is a technical specification detailing safety requirements for collaborative robot operation, supplementing ISO 10218. It is best known for its biomechanical limits tables, which specify maximum permissible forces and pressures for quasi-static and transient contact across regions of the human body, operationalizing the power- and force-limiting collaborative mode; its content has been folded into the 2025 revision of ISO 10218.
Why it matters for physical AI
The contact force limits give engineers concrete, testable numbers for designing robots that may touch people, shaping actuator sizing, padding, and speed supervision in every cobot deployment.
Build physical AI
Put these concepts to work on real hardware
Axol is a dual-arm robot built for physical AI — teleoperate it, collect demonstrations, and deploy learned policies out of the box.