Perception
ORB Features
ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) features are fast binary local image features introduced by Rublee et al. in 2011, combining the FAST corner detector with an orientation-compensated BRIEF descriptor. ORB matches at a fraction of the computational cost of SIFT or SURF while remaining rotation invariant and patent-free, which made it the backbone feature of the ORB-SLAM family of visual SLAM systems.
Why it matters for physical AI
Feature-based visual SLAM and relocalization on compute-limited robots still lean on cheap, reliable descriptors, and ORB remains the canonical choice in that regime.
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