Simulation
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)
Hardware-in-the-loop testing is a validation methodology in which real hardware components, typically embedded controllers or actuators, run against a simulated model of the rest of the system in real time. The physical device receives synthetic sensor signals and its outputs drive the simulation, exposing timing, interface, and firmware issues that pure software simulation misses.
Why it matters for physical AI
HIL rigs catch integration bugs in motor drivers, communication buses, and safety logic before they damage expensive robots, and they enable regression testing of control stacks without tying up full systems.
Build physical AI
Put these concepts to work on real hardware
Axol is a dual-arm robot built for physical AI — teleoperate it, collect demonstrations, and deploy learned policies out of the box.